Methods

A method is a combination of statements.

Scope

Scope is where a variable's value can be accessed. In PHP, functions provide a range of scope so that variables in the functions won't override the value of a script's variable that exists outside of the function, or vice versa.

Temporary Variables

In order for two or more variables to swap or shuffle their content, a Temporary Variable must exist. Variable A says "hold this content" to the Temporary Variable leaving Variable A empty. Then Variable B can stick it's content into variable A leaving variable B empty. The Temporary Variable then inserts the original content into Variable B's empty slot.

OOPs

OOP, or Object Oriented Programming or Programming with classes and objects.

The Class is the master list of characteristics available to objects. The class is also the objects blueprint or skeleton from which many objects can be stamped out.

You can have a superclass (parent class) which is a parent class from which you can base many subclasses (child classes). These subclasses inherit and then extend the features of the superclass.

You can also extend a class which will override certain features of the original class, modifying it so that you don't need to create a whole new class.